Cuba closed 2025 with just 9,434,593 residents, shedding 313,414 people in a single year as a deepening demographic crisis hollows out the island's workforce and society.
The loss was driven largely by a negative net migration of 245,264 people, while births fell to only 68,064 for the year. The exodus has accelerated a five-year collapse: since 2020, when the population exceeded 11 million, the country has lost roughly two million inhabitants. Over the same period, more than 1.25 million working-age people have departed.
The remaining population is ageing rapidly, with roughly 27 percent now over 60, placing mounting pressure on public services and the economy as the labour force contracts.